Biodiesel Production
Jon Van Gerpen, ... Mark T. Vandersall, in The Biodiesel Handbook (Second Edition), 2010
Free Glycerol
CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCEROL RESIDUE FROM A PALM KERNEL OIL METHYL ESTER PLANT from a methyl ester plant, the salt was formed during the acidification (soap splitting) and neutralization (Figure 1). Ash was the largest component in the glycerol residue. Considerable salt had dissolved in the aqueous solution and was not removed during the.
Glycerol is essentially insoluble in biodiesel so that almost all glycerol is easily removed by settling or centrifugation. Free glycerol may remain either as suspended droplets or as the very small amount that does dissolve in the biodiesel. Alcohols can act as cosolvents to increase the solubility of glycerol in the biodiesel. Most glycerol should be removed from the biodiesel product during the water washing process. Water-washed fuel is generally very low in free glycerol, especially if hot water is used for washing. Distilled biodiesel tends to have a greater problem with free glycerol due to glycerol carry-over during distillation. Fuel with excessive free glycerol will usually have a problem with glycerol settling out in storage tanks, creating a very viscous mixture that can plug fuel filters and cause combustion problems in the engine.
ADDITION / CORRECTIONThis article has been corrected. View the notice.
College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
Abstract
Biodiesel is manufactured by transesterification of animal fat or vegetable oil. The reactants (oil and methanol) and the products (fatty acid methyl ester and glycerol) are partially mutual soluble in the reaction process. Inter-solubility of the reaction components is essential data for the production design and process operation. In this work, the Jatropha curcas L. oil (oil) has been transesterified to give Jatropha curcas L. oil methyl ester (FAME). The inter-solubility of FAME + methanol + glycerol, oil + FAME + methanol, oil + glycerol + methanol, and oil + FAME + glycerol in the range from 298.15 K to 333.15 K has been conducted. Methanol is completely soluble in both FAME and glycerol but is not soluble in oil. With an increase in the mass fraction of FAME, the solubility of methanol in the oil + FAME phase increases. The transesterification reaction is carried out in the methanol phase, and as a result, the reaction shows an induction period. When FAME content increases to 70 %, the oil + methanol + FAME mixture becomes a homogeneous phase. Glycerol has a low solubility in both oil and FAME and, hence, is easily separated from the final product of biodiesel. The solubility is temperature insensible.
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